10-HSA is a fatty-acid metabolite produced by Lactobacillus bacteria

Lactobacillus Plantarum is a super common probiotic that produces 10-HSA and other important metabolites

its commercial name is also known as lp299v which has been studied for decades, tons of studies

for example: https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4344/10/2/154

lp299v is extreme safe and can be taken in mega-doses however it will not colonize in the GI so would have to be taken routinely

Wouldn’t it be easier to just take a gram of the metabolite itself vs hoping for long term colonization?

yes, this is what's done with tributyrin which is a triester of butyric acid. You want to ingest either a butyric acid salt or an ester of butyric acid, since the butyric acid itself is really stinky.