No, the VM needs to be installed on the machine, similar to C#, Java, Python, etc.
There have been some projects for creating self-extracting executable archives for the VM, and some projects for compiling BEAM programs to native code, but nothing has become well established yet.
I think C# has been able to compile the vm + your DLL into a single binary that doesn’t extract for a while now. There’s currently ongoing work for Java to do this.
Yes, for sure. Both the JVM and the CLR have some native binary compilation options that, while less popular, are certainly suitable for production. The similar project for the BEAM unfortunately stalled and is no longer being developed.