Front derailleur: On higher-end bicycles, it is becoming a rarity with single narrow-wide tooth front rings. To make up for this loss of gear, rear cassettes have gotten wide and wider reaches (bigger big cogs and smaller small cogs.)
Most places I've been call the seat a "saddle."
I love the hand drawn style so much, by the way.
True, though road bikes (even the new 12 speed ones) still use a 2x system on the front. TT/triathlon bikes sometimes use a single chainring as well since they don’t need to climb