Cool project! How do you think about targeting hardware-specific ISAs directly? There’s an interesting paper from Citadel (https://arxiv.org/pdf/1804.06826) that highlights inefficiencies in nvcc for the Volta architecture. Do you see Luminal’s search-based paradigm eventually extending beyond outperforming handwritten kernels, towards actually competing with NVIDIA’s compiler optimizations at the PTX level?

yep! currently we're emitting cuda / metal but once the search is better, i want to directly emit ptx / low-level asm on other hardwares.

I don't suppose you have an eye towards verilog in the long term?

I'm curious as to the breadth of possibilities that could be searched. I would imagine something like this could invent flash attention if it cast its net wide enough, but that is a pretty broad net. [Edit: I scrolled back and saw flash attention was explicitly mentioned, cool stuff]

Equality saturation (something that luminal uses at its core) is a topic for hardware synthesis and verification too. Something like dynamic hardware generation (instead of kernel generation). For example, see this thesis [1] by Samuel Coward of Imperial.

[1] https://samuelcoward.co.uk/assets/pdf/Thesis_Imperial.pdf

you suppose correctly ;)