No, the car's "black box" is the EDR, the behavior of which is regulated by federal agencies. This article is discussing ephemeral telemetry which accessed the EDR.

No, the EDR forms part of the car's "black box" – just like the FDR forms part of an aeroplane's black box. Per the article, the erased* telemetry ("collision snapshot") contained quite a bit more data than just from the EDR.

*: I can't work out from the article whether this file was erased, or just unlinked from the filesystem: they quote someone as saying the latter, but it looks like it was actually the former.