"I'm also skeptical that using artificial light as a proxy for economic growth is rational"
I found myself wondering if it was a lagging indicator. Hopefully the peer review process would have flagged these issues if they were serious. I didn't see the venue mentioned though.
Its use for the purposes of statistical comparison seems to have held up:
https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/720458?utm_sou...