Yeah I think the fundamental reason this gets debated so much is that "whiteboard interviewing" encompasses both fizzbuzz, and leetcode dynamic programming nonsense. Some people are saying "fizzbuzz is great!" and others are saying "no you're totally wrong, leetcode is terrible".
Even this article falls into this trap. The first thing he quotes is fizzbuzz-level, but then the research paper he uses to argue against fizzbuzz actually used a much harder leetcode style problem.
IMO fizzbuzz-level problems are totally fine. You can't really argue against them. They filter out tons of people who I wouldn't want to hire, and nobody who should be hired can fail them, even under ridiculous pressure.
It's more debatable when you get to actually difficult algorithm problems but that's another argument.
(Also fizzbuzz itself is a pretty terrible "simple" problem because it feels like there should be an elegant "trick" solution but there actually isn't. Don't actually use fizzbuzz. The example in this article - filter out odd numbers from a list - is totally fine though.)