The claim seemed less overblown to me after watching 'Sugar: The Bitter Truth' by Robert Lustig, MD [0].

[0] https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=dBnniua6-oM&t=8s

PSA: Robert Lustig is notorious for broadcasting incorrect views contradicted by current science.

A good debunk of his nonsense claims is here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LZPKTaVB1IU&t=64s

Most long distance runners fuel in form of gels on their longer runs and races. Those gels are mainly simple sugars and water. They're fine.