> EPA range tends to be pessimistic for EVs as it assumes you are always traveling at highway speeds.

EV EPA range historically has been overstated. However, the water is muddied because the EPA doesn't really force the manufacturers to give an accurate number. A manufacturer can choose a highway only test, but then also arbitrarily decide to derate the value (EPA example is 70%). A manufacturer can choose to include city driving in the rating and weigh it accordingly and also derate the value (if they want).

Tesla traditionally (still the vast majority of new and used EV market share) has been the only manufacturer that uses the highway + city driving tests. People then get surprised when the car cannot do the full range at 85 MPH.

All in all, this is the EPAs fault. For EVs they really need two numbers, city driving range and highway driving range. EVs are so much more efficient than ICE that speed makes a huge difference given there substantially smaller energy density.

https://www.epa.gov/greenvehicles/fuel-economy-and-ev-range-...