I always thought of MySQL as the specification and MariaDB as an implementation?

No, that's not correct. MariaDB is a "hard fork" of MySQL, and they've both grown in different directions. MariaDB used to cherry-pick code from MySQL 5.x, but hasn't been "drop in" compatible for quite a long time, especially since MySQL 8.0 which came out 7 years ago.

Even just looking at table design and schema management functionality, here's my increasingly-long rundown of subtle differences in features and syntax: https://www.skeema.io/blog/2023/05/10/mysql-vs-mariadb-schem...