>Great, but unfortunately, even when compiled, the startup overhead is about half a second, which makes it unsuitable for many applications

So why python is this popular in this domain?

Python has replaced Java in many universities, and is used in other domains than CS.

Python caches compiled versions by default. (__pycache__) and simply starts faster.

Python is more a scripting language, similar to Ruby. Swift was late to the game, and is quite strict.

*performance is a feature*

And in particular perceived performance and startup performance (“lag”)

It’s one of the reasons for the success of Chrome, MySQL, Mongodb, and many others.

A Python script can start and finish in less than 10 ms on my machine.

Even with installing dependencies?

Because that's what dotnet run does

Does dotnet install the script's dependencies all over again every time you run it? The quoted part was about the 0.5 second startup overhead, which I figured did not include installing the dependencies.

Anyway, lots of Python scripting can be done with the standard library, without installing any dependencies. I rarely use third-party dependencies in my Python scripts.

1. I don't think so, but it may check it if is needed? I don't know.

2. Same can be said about C# which has really strong and well designed (APIs) standard lib.