I don't know if this will answer your question, but the last episode of the Planet Money podcast addressed tariffs:
https://www.npr.org/2025/04/02/1242229719/planet-money-the-c...
IMO, tariffs are bad for the economy, but could be great for workers and the middle class. Regardless, implementing them this was is absolutely nuts.
China got our manufacturing because they didn't care about pollution. Now, they've developed cleaner industrial methods and built out fantastic infrastructure (e.g. massive industrial complexes right next to shipping ports). Meanwhile, we did nothing and we're a good ten to twenty years behind assuming perfect infrastructure development starting today with tariffs that are immediately in effect.
Combine that with the fact that infrastructure development in the US costs many multiples more than other developed nations, and you have a recipe for complete failure.
Not to mention China has been going hard into green energy. Both manufacturing it and using it themselves. It's the cheapest form of energy, and as you noted: much less pollution, which has a huge economic impact.
Meanwhile, what are we doing? Apparently green energy is evil, and we're going to go all-in on domestic energy production from something that's expensive, very polluting, and finite.