This is likely done with the WebLocks API

That doesn't allow signaling another tab, does it?

> The Web Locks API allows scripts running in one tab or worker to asynchronously acquire a lock, hold it while work is performed, then release it. While held, no other script executing in the same origin can acquire the same lock, *which allows a web app running in multiple tabs or workers to coordinate work and the use of resources.*

source: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Web_Locks_A...

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I read that, but how can that API be used to notify the original tab to stop playing?

It has the ability to "steal" lock from another tab. Once tab loses a lock, it can pause the playback.

As far as I can tell, the original tab isn't notified when its lock is stolen. So again, how would the original tab be notified?