> > Just intuitively, in such a high dimensional space, two random vectors are basically orthogonal.

> What's the intuition here? Law of large numbers?

Yep, the large number being the number of dimensions.

As you add another dimension to a random point on a unit sphere, you create another new way for this point to be far away from a starting neighbor. Increase the dimensions a lot and then all random neighbors are on the equator from the starting neighbor. The equator being a 'hyperplane' (just like a 2D plane in 3D) of dimension n-1, the normal of which is the starting neighbor, intersected with the unit sphere (thus becoming a n-2 dimensional 'variety', or shape, embedded in the original n dimensional space; like the earth's equator is 1 dimensional object).

The mathematical name for this is 'concentration of measure' [1]

It feels weird to think about it, but there's also a unit change in here. Paris is about 1/8 of the circle far away from the north pole (8 such angle segments of freedom). On a circle. But if that's the definition of location of Paris, on the 3D earth there would be an infinity of Paris. There is only one though. Now if we take into account longitude, we have Montreal, Vancouver, Tokyo, etc ; each 1/8 away (and now we have 64 solid angle segments of freedom)

[1] https://www.johndcook.com/blog/2017/07/13/concentration_of_m...