The article linked by you uses magnetic tunnel junctions for implementing the RNG part.

The Web site of Extropic claims that their hardware devices are made with standard CMOS technology, which cannot make magnetic tunnel junctions.

So it appears that there is no connection between the linked article and what Extropic does.

The idea of stochastic computation is not at all new. I have read about such stochastic computers as a young child, more than a half of century ago, long before personal computers. The research on them was inspired by the hypotheses about how the brain might work.

Along with analog computers, stochastic computers were abandoned due to the fast progress of deterministic digital computers, implemented with logic integrated circuits.

So anything new cannot be about the structure of stochastic computers, which has been well understood for decades, but only about a novel extremely compact hardware RNG device, which could be scaled to a huge number of RNG devices per stochastic computer.

I could not find during a brief browsing of the Extropic site any description about the principle of their hardware RNG, except that it is made with standard CMOS technology. While there are plenty of devices made in standard CMOS that can be used as RNG, they are not reliable enough for stochastic computation (unless you use complex compensation circuits), so Extropic must have found some neat trick to avoid using complex circuitry, assuming that their claims are correct.

However I am skeptical about their claims because of the amount of BS words used on their pages, which look like taken from pseudo-scientific Star Trek-like mumbo-jumbo, e.g. "thermodynamic computing", "accelerated intelligence", "Extropic" derived from "entropic", and so on.

To be more clear, there is no such thing as "thermodynamic computing" and inventing such meaningless word combinations is insulting for the potential customers, as it demonstrates that the Extropic management believes that they must be naive morons.

The traditional term for such computing is "stochastic computing". "Stochastics" is an older, and in my opinion better, alternative name for the theory of probabilities. In Ancient Greek, "stochastics" means the science of guessing. Instead of "stochastic computing" one can say "probabilistic computing", but not "thermodynamic computing", which makes no sense (unless the Extropic computers are dual use, besides computing, they also provide heating and hot water for a great number of houses!).

Like analog computers, stochastic computers are a good choice only for low-precision computations. With increased precision, the amount of required hardware increases much faster for analog computers and for stochastic computers than for deterministic digital computers.

The only currently important application that is happy even with precisions under 16 bit is AI/ML, so trying to market their product for AI applications is normal for Extropic, but they should provide more meaningful information about what advantages their product might have.