> 2003: The goal of the 100×100 project was to create communication architectures that could provide 100Mb/s networking for all 100 million American homes.

Well you failed horribly.

> The project brought together researchers from Carnegie Mellon, Stanford, Berkeley, and AT&T.

I think I see why.

> This research led to the 4D architecture for logically centralized network control of a distributed data plane

What? How was this meant to benefit citizens?

> Datacenter owners grew frustrated with the cost and complexity of the commercially available networking equipment; a typical datacenter switch cost more than $20,000 and a hyperscaler needed about 10,000 switches per site. They decided they could build their own switch box for about $2,000 using off-the-shelf switching chips from companies such as Broadcom and Marvell

What role did the NSF play here? It sounds like basic economics did most of the actual work.

> The start-up company Nicira, which emerged from the NSF-funded Ethane project, developed the Network Virtualization Platform (NVP)26 to meet this need

Which seems to have _zero_ mentions outside of academic papers.